Cases in the PHYSICS OF MRI section: 99
- SIGNAL, NOISE, AND SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIOS (SNR)
- MRP001 Measurement of signal, noise, and SNR in MRimages
- MRP002 Two general types of image noise
- MRP003 Effect of the number of acquisitions per phase encoding step on SNR in clinical images
- SPATIAL IMAGE CHARACTERISTICS
- MRP004 Effect of slice thickness on SNR and image quality in clinical images
- MRP005 Effect of interslice gap on SNR and contrast in clinical images
- MRP006 Single slice versus contiguous multislice planar imaging
- MRP007 Effect of the number of phase encoding steps on SNR and image quality
- MRP008 Partial Fourier imaging techniques
- MRP009 Effect of the number of frequency encoding steps on SNR and image quality
- MRP010 Effect of the image matrix on SNR and image quality
- MRP011 Effect of the field of view on SNR and image quality
- OTHER EFFECTS ON SNR
- MRP012 Effect of bandwidth on noise and SNR
- MRP013 Effect of surface coils on signal, noise, and SNR
- MRP014 Effect of magnetic field strength on SNR
- IMAGE ACQUISITION CHOICES
- MRP015 Choice of phase encoding and frequency encoding directions in 2DFT brain imaging
- MRP016 Choice of phase encoding and frequency encoding directions in 2DFT body imaging
- MRP017 Use of spatial presaturation pulses
- MRP018 Effect of oversampling on SNR and image quality
- MRP019 Effect of motion suppression techniques on image quality in spine imaging
- SPIN-ECHO (SE) IMAGING
- MRP020 Effect of pulse sequence repetition time (TR) on signal, noise, and contrast in SE imaging
- MRP021 Effect of echo delay time (TE) on signal, noise, and contrast in SE imaging
- MRP022 Effect of TR and TE on contrast in SE imaging: MS case
- MRP023 Effect of TR and TE on contrast in SE imaging: metastatic breast cancer in the brain
- MRP024 SE imaging: fluid isointense protocol (FLIP) versus T1w and T2w SE
- FAST SPIN-ECHO IMAGING
- MRP025 Fast spin echo imaging: comparison with conventional SE imaging
- MRP026 Fast spin-echo imaging: trade-offs in imaging time and image quality
- INVERSION RECOVERY (IR) IMAGING
- MRP027 Comparison of SE and IR imaging: magnitude, real, imaginary, and phase images
- MRP028 Effect of TR, TI, and TE on contrast in IR imaging: multiple sclerosis example
- MRP029 STIR imaging: nulling fat and comparison with SE
- MRP030 FLAIR imaging: comparison to SE in a clinical MS case
- GRADIENT-ECHO (GRE) IMAGING
- MRP031 Spoiled gradient echo imaging versus SE imaging: pelvic cyst case
- MRP032 Steady state gradient echo imaging versus SE imaging: pelvic cyst case
- MRP033 Steady state gradient echo imaging: metastatic breast cancer and MS cases
- MRP034 Spoiled and steady state gradient echo imaging: brain
- MRP035 Comparison of 2DFT and 3DFT gradient echo imaging: breast
- OTHER IMAGING METHODS
- MRP036 Diffusion imaging
- MRP037 Magnetization transfer imaging
- MRP038 Pediatric hemorrhage: a difficult test case
- FERROMAGNETIC ARTIFACTS
- MRP039 Ferromagnetic artifacts from metallic fixation rods
- MRP040 Ferromagnetic artifacts from a removable object
- MRP041 Ferromagnetic artifacts in SE versus GRE pulse sequences
- MRP042 Ferromagnetic artifacts on GRE scans
- MRP043 Ferromagnetic artifacts from cosmetics
- MRP044 Cosmetic artifact
- MRP045 Dental material artifacts
- MRP046 Induced non-ferromagnetic artifacts
- MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY EFFECTS
- MRP047 Frontal lobe contusion versus magnetic susceptibility artifact
- MRP048 Magnetic susceptibility effects from the sphenoid sinus
- MRP049 Magnetic susceptibility effects of brain iron
- MRP050 Magnetic susceptibility: SE versus GRE pulse sequences
- MRP051 Magnetic susceptibility skin artifact on a GRE image
- MRP052 Magnetic susceptibility artifact in unbalanced SE imaging
- CHEMICAL SHIFT MISREGISTRATION ARTIFACTS (CSMA)
- MRP053 CSMA in the orbit
- MRP054 CMSA accentuated by reduced bandwidth imaging
- MRP055 CMSA in the spine: effect of reduced bandwidth
- MRP056 Mid-field CSMA
- MRP057 CMSA in falx ossification
- MRP058 CMSA in the slice-select direction
- MRP059 Phase contrast intensity variations in GRE imaging
- MOTION ARTIFACTS
- MRP060 Non-periodic motion during central scan views
- MRP061 Blurring from coughing
- MRP062 Blurring and ghosting in an uncooperative patient
- MRP063 Motion artifact
- MRP064 Ghost artifacts from blood flow and breathing
- MRP065 Increased ghosting after IV contrast administration
- MRP066 Decreased ghost artifact with flow compensation and cardiac gating
- MRP067 Ghost artifact mimicking a cerebellar lesion
- FLOW AND MAGNETIC RESONANCE ANGIOGRAPHY (MRA)
- MRP068 High-velocity signal loss
- MRP069 Flow-related enhancement and effect of presaturation RF pulses
- MRP070 Intravascular signal: SE versus GRE imaging
- MRP071 Even echo rephasing in a large venous angioma
- MRP072 Even echo rephasing in superior ophthalmic veins
- MRP073 Flow-related spatial misregistration
- MRP074 Flow-related spatial misregistration
- MRP075 Increased intravascular signal with EKG gating
- MRP076 Flowing blood vs. stationary tissue
- MRP077 Flow induced signal loss in MRA
- MRP078 Vascular signal loss in 3D TOF MRA
- MRP079 Artifactual regions of absent signal from traveling presaturation
- MRP080 Effect of velocity encoding parameters on phase contrast MRA
- MRP081 Turbulence and eddy currents
- MRP082 Fat signal interference in maximum intensity projections
- MRP083 CSF flow-void sign in the aqueduct of Sylvius
- MRP084 CSF dephasing adjacent to the basilar artery
- MRP085 CSF flow-related enhancement
- EQUIPMENT RELATED ARTIFACTS
- MRP086 Spatial distortion from gradient non-linearity
- MRP087 Improper radiofrequency attenuation
- MRP088 Surface coil artifact
- MRP089 Gradient amplifier failure
- MRP090 Corduroy and noise spike artifacts
- MRP091 Radiofrequency (RF) noise
- DATA RELATED ARTIFACTS
- MRP092 Aliasing in the frequency and phase encoding directions
- MRP093 Aliasing versus field of view (FOV)
- MRP094 "X" or crossed artifact from aliasing
- MRP095 Aliasing in volume imaging
- MRP096 Truncation artifact at high contrast interfaces
- MRP097 Cervical cord pseudosyrinx from a truncation artifact
- MRP098 Partial volume averaging
- MRP099 Maximum intensity projection stripe artifact
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